What is Short Multiplication?

 

Short multiplication is a quick way to multiply a large number by a single-digit number. It’s faster than long multiplication because you don’t need to multiply each digit separately and add them up; you just do it all in one go.

 

Step-by-Step Guide

Example: Multiply 234 by 5

 

Step 1: Write the Numbers

- Write the larger number on top and the single-digit number below it, aligning the digits by place value.

 

 

  234

×   5

_____

```

 

Step 2: Multiply Each Digit

- Start with the rightmost digit (ones place) of the larger number.

- Multiply each digit of the larger number by the single-digit number, starting from the right, and write the results below.

 

Step 3: Carry Over if Needed

- If the multiplication of two digits results in a number greater than 9, carry over the extra digit to the next place value.

 

Detailed Steps

 

Multiply the Ones Place:

- Multiply 4 (ones place) by 5.

- 4 × 5 = 20. Write down 0 in the ones place and carry over 2.

 

 

   2  (carry over)

  234

×   5

_____

    0

 

 

Multiply the Tens Place:

- Multiply 3 (tens place) by 5 and add the carried-over 2.

- (3 × 5 = 15) and (15 + 2 = 17). Write down 7 in the tens place and carry over 1.

 

 

  1 2  (carry over)

  234

×   5

_____

  70

 

Multiply the Hundreds Place:

- Multiply 2 (hundreds place) by 5 and add the carried-over 1.

- (2 × 5 = 10) and (10 + 1 = 11). Write down 11.

 

```

   1

  234

×   5

_____

1170

```

 

So, (234 × 5 = 1170).

 

Visual Aids

 

1. Place Value Chart:

   - Write each digit in its place value column (hundreds, tens, ones).

   - Multiply each column separately, then combine the results.

 

2. Using Counters:

   - Use objects like counters or blocks to represent each digit.

   - Group them in sets to visually see the multiplication process.

 

Practice Tips

 

1. **Start Simple**: Begin with smaller numbers to build confidence.

2. **Use Tools**: Use graph paper to keep numbers aligned or counters for visual aid.

3. **Check Your Work**: After finishing, use a calculator to verify your answer.

 

Summary

 

- Short Multiplication: Quick way to multiply a larger number by a single-digit number.

Steps:

  1. Write the numbers.

  2. Multiply each digit starting from the right.

  3. Carry over if needed.

  4. Write down the final result.

- Practice and Visuals: Use place value charts, counters, and repeated practice to master short multiplication.